My Personal Code of Ethics Essay - 2658 Words

Preamble I, Rob Geis, commit myself to the code and values that I am about to describe. As a person I have vast life experiences that have affected who I am and what I believe in. As a Public Relations professional it seems that our industry is often under ridicule for being unethical and known as spin doctors. As an ethical student and person I consider these key values as guiding stones to my applied ethical choices. Family, friends, school and religion have all made me the person I am today and influence my ethical choices. When it comes to family I was raised to be respectful of my elders and those around me; however I was also taught to speak my mind when I did not agree. Growing up I met many people who were not allowed to say†¦show more content†¦When it comes to authority figures I think my parents were trying to teach us to act with integrity and not let others think for us or tell us what to do. At first my family seemed to be deontological; when I was younger, I followed these rules because that is what I was taught to do. Today these values appear to be virtuous to me, I now do these things because it is something a good person would do and I prefer to be a good person. Friends were a big influence when I was younger. When I first started playing football I really grew as a person. I learned how to be a leader, how to take responsibility for my actions and the value of trust. For the first time in my life I had people who depended on me for success and guidance. When something went wrong, I had to take responsibility for my squad and learn to trust those around me. I also met some friends who I have come to trust more than family, more than my extended family, at least. The professors that Ive had throughout the years changed the way my mind thinks. I have learned so much in undergrad that made me capable to attend Georgetown. Some differences in thinking include learning to think critically about many things and thinking outside the norm or most. At community college one professor introduced me into political philosophy; including Plato, Socrates and the founding fathers.Show MoreRelatedMy Personal Code Of Ethics807 Words   |  4 Pagesassignments. At the start of the semester, the first assignment was a one page paper which described our position on our personal code of ethics. The paper was written in the first person and was to follow a clear line of reasoning, and comply with APA 6th edition grammar and style rules. At the end of the semester we were to, once again, write a paper on our personal code of ethics so that we could see our maturation in knowledge and values in contrast to the beginning of the course. We were also assignedRead More My Personal Code Of Ethic969 Words   |  4 PagesMy Personal Code of Ethic Personal ethic is what a person believes about morality and right and wrong. Ethic should and can give real and practical guidance to our lives: gives our best rational interests and without sacrificing others. My family, friends, and education have played profound roles in the development of my personal ethic: conscience, personal integrity, responsibility, and egalitarianism. Additionally, these influences approaches to determining what conduct is consistent with theseRead MoreMy Personal Code Of Ethics1487 Words   |  6 Pagesin savings than I ever would have had I been trying to save on my own. Since I am so happy with what Digit has done for me, I thought I’d share it with you, even though it doesn’t fit squarely in my niche. However, I figure we all want to save money, so I think you’d all be interested in what Digit has to offer. Affiliate Disclaimer: You will find a few links to Digit throughout this review. According to my personal Code of Ethics and in order to comply with FTC Compliance Standards, if the linkRead MoreMy Personal Code Of Ethics Essay1845 Words   |  8 PagesA. My Personal Code of Ethics 1. Core Values I am an Accounting student at the University of Baltimore. I have a list of core values in my mind, and I try to follow these values every day. When I make decisions in my life, I look at these values to make sure my decisions align with my values. My top three core values are career, family and friends, and personal growth. Within each core value, there are other values that I like to consider in my daily life. My first core value is career. I movedRead MoreThe Code Of Ethics And Values1086 Words   |  5 Pages Each individual has a code of ethics which helps to establish morals. Morals play an important part when it comes to determining what is right and wrong. You should also have core values. I think the most important value to have is integrity. Integrity means to be honest in everything you do and to have high morals. I will be honest, sincere, and reliable. Another important value to have is to be caring. Each and every day, I will be considerate and help those that need it. Being caring means havingRead MoreMy Personal Values: Professional Ethics Are the Foundation of Social Work1798 Words   |  7 PagesA career in Social Work requires conviction to personal values that reflect and uphold the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) Code of Ethics. Professional ethics are the foundation of social work, as the trade has an innate obligation to endorse ethical principles and b asic values to advocate for the wellness of others. The core values adopted by all social workers, as distinguished by NASW, are service, social justice, dignity and worth of the person, importance of human relationshipsRead MoreEnron Case : The Smartest Guys Of The Room1149 Words   |  5 Pageshaving a personal ethical code of their own to follow so they could have avoided the influence of corruption. In view creating a personal code of ethics one must consider the aspect of relationship, honesty and integrity, work ethic, transparency and disclosure of information, and fairness. In a relationship of any kind, I demonstrate respect, patience, loyalty, and trustworthiness. It is imperative to produce and maintain these characteristics. The foundation of my personal code of ethicsRead MoreCode of Ethics and The IT Field Essay examples973 Words   |  4 Pagesis non-existent, and professionalism does not exist. A Code of Ethics are what guides the behavior of an organization, and it guides the quality that the organization will live by. When I served in the Army for 21 years I lived by a set of values that guided me each and every day, and these values laid the foundation not just for myself but for all soldiers to live by. The values of Loyalty, Duty, Self-Respect, Honor, Integrity and personal Courage are what guides the professionalism of our fightingRead MorePersonal Ethics Paper883 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal Ethics Paper Fernando De La Peà ±a Llaca CMGT/530 April 11, 2011 Thomas Poole Personal Ethics Paper Ethics plays a big role in my life and also in my company, skip ethics in any situation can means a shortcut, a shortcut to a dead-end. Ethics is the way the morale and values prevail and using ethics in life brings big rewards. Because I am beginning a new stage in my life, especially in my academic life taking a master’s degree at University of Phoenix there is no difference; ethicsRead MoreThe Ethics Of A Code Of Ethics1648 Words   |  7 Pagesmajor stakeholders can be proud of, codes of ethics are created as a set of guidelines for every involved stakeholder to follow and adhere to. In his conclusion (Lambert, 2009) states that the development and subsequent implementation of a code of ethics is a critical part of establishing a value system within the commercial crime prevention discipline. He further goes on to say that, as a value system, the success of this endeavor lies not in whether the code makes staff behave, but rather more

Max weeber Free Essays

Max Weber is the father of father of the bureaucratic management theory. ‘This theory has two essential element . The prime one is configuring a institution in hierarchy and second one is the organization and the its people are administered by specific legal decision making rules. We will write a custom essay sample on Max weeber or any similar topic only for you Order Now He believed that once bureaucracy has established in organization it is extremely defiant to any attempt to remove Its power. Weber Identified three basic types of legitimate authority, Traditional authority- where people accept the authority due to tradition and custom. Charismatic authority- In this the acceptances take place from the loyalty to and the confidence In the personal qualities of the rules. Rational-legal authority- Here the concurrence comes from the office position and the person who Is bounded by the rules. In current environment we can see the third legitimate authority. Weber theory still exists In many organizations we can see In current business environment very organization Is divided In hierarchy. In an organization structure follows the Dillon system for Instance at top level, managing director give have and the other apartment are divided according to their rights and obligations. In the given diagram we can see the division of work into departments in organization. Second principle of bureaucracy says that the decision making power is conserve to the Top level management and the lower lever are only to follow the direction prescribed to them. We can apply Weeper’s principle of bureaucracy here as follow Division of labor -This principle can be seen here the every department have their specific work and delegation authority. Structure based on hierarchy a pyramid of control is there managing director supervise its subordinate at lower level and the lower level managers supervise floor workers like in the military where higher-level officials supervise lower-level officials inside the organization authority. Employment which presupposes expert training-every employee should show their ability to adapt and work in training process and almost every company provides training to their employees to check their ability. Employees are full-time career worker- this principle refers to the increased control of the organization on employees. Operation of the organization is based upon rigid and impersonal rules of behavior-this is some time perceived as the bureaucracy is against human. In some organization employees are suppose to work as machine without thinking. Some of the organization use modified version of it, in this scenario employees get some to provide suggestion which scan be considered by the top level management In decision making process. How to cite Max weeber, Papers

Classical Conditioning and Associative Strength free essay sample

The experiment conducted was a 22 within subjects experiment. The 2 cue types were over-expectation and control whereas the 2 independent variables were salience. Subjects were randomly presented varying levels of salient stimuli in the form of food pictures. These pictures were then to be associated with an allergy score between 1 and 9. In the next phase, the subjects were given each cue type 8 times along with some filler cues arranged to some simple rules. The allergy ratings were also to be determined by the subject. The third phase combined the stimuli into a compound CS conditioning and subjects were asked to determine the allergy rating. The test phase involved participants being shown each of the previous foods one at a time. They would then determine the allergic reaction rating. Overall, the results of the experiment used an analysis of variables to show that the likelihood rating for the high salience cues were, on average, lower than those of the lower salience. A significant main effect with cue-type was found, indicating an over-expectation effect, of F(1,271)=25.  758, plt;0. 001. This means that participants rated the compound cues in phase 3 as less allergenic than those that were elementally reinforced in phase 3. While there was no significant difference found between the elementally reinforced stimulus cues I and J (pgt;0. 05), there was found to be a significant difference between the compound cases involving stimulus cues B and F (plt;0. 05). Question 2: With compound CS, the associative strength is now dependant on the combined associative strength of all stimuli present and the total amount of learning. Generally in the Rescorla-Wagner model, conditioning is dependent on how effectively surprising an unconditioned stimulus is. With compound conditioned stimuli, this characterisation of surprise is altered. Instead of just a single CS being linked to a US, it is now the combined effects of all stimuli present which collectively predict the US. Over-expectation occurs when the collective associative strength of the various CS is greater than the total capacity to learn. To use the equation, ? V= (? -V) Note: We ignore ? and assume it a constant. The value of V would be  greater than ?. This occurs when the stimuli have been well presented and the associative strength of each individual stimulus is quite high. Because of this, when the target cue for, which the stimuli are conditioned for, is presented the subject expects the combined response of each individual stimulus. When the subject only receives the normal amount of reinforcement, it begins to expect less until there is no mor e association that can be gained from the combined effects of the condition stimuli. To use an analogy, a mouse is conditioned separately with a tone and a flashing light. Each of these stimuli provides one piece of cheese, with the mouse salivating when each stimulus is presented. If both the stimuli are presented together, the mouse expects two pieces of cheese and will salivate more than usual. However, only one piece of cheese is presented. As a result, the mouse begins to expect less of the compound stimuli until no further association can be gained. This consequently lowers the overall association by a certain rate until the total combined association is at total learning potential. Question 3: To get the over-expectation result, we must first have two fully conditioned CS’s which were separately conditioned. For example, let us use the A+ and B+ case. If we fully conditioned A+ and B+ separately, that means the associative strength of both would be 100%. Now, when we combine these two into a compound CS, the Rescorla-Wagner model states that the overall associative strength of the compound CS is equal to the sum of the all the stimuli presented in the compound trial. So with A+ and B+, their total associative strength would be 200%. However, the Rescorla-Wagner model only allows the maximum value of associative strength that can be conditioned to be 100%. The case of A+ and B+ is twice as much as this maximum value. Therefore, after repeated trials of the compound stimulus of A+B+ being paired with their US, the Rescorla-Wagner model predicts that the total associative strength of 200% will fall at the rate of their salience until it reaches a strength of 100%, the maximum level which can be conditioned. To show how an extinction event of a fully conditioned CS operates in the Rescorla-Wagner model. ?V= (? -V) Note: We ignore ? and assume it a constant. With a fully conditioned CS, ? , the total amount of learning, would be 0 as there is no more possible connection to make with a fully conditioned CS. V would be 100% as all possible learning has been made. Therefore, ? V=-? would be what is left over. This means that, in extinction, the rate at which the association strength, ? V, is lost at is –?, the salience. Now, in the case of B+, it was a much more salient stimulus whereas F+ was a lower salient stimulus. Therefore, B would be lost at a faster rate than F. This is shown in the results with the likelihood rating of B being lower than that of F. Therefore, salience of each individual stimulus not only effects how fast the rate of association is increased but also determines, in the case of the over-expectation scenario, how fast the association of each individual, fully co nditioned stimulus is lost.

Interpersonal/intercultural communication at the work place

Table of Contents Abstract Introduction Methodology Findings Discussion.  Intercultural communication Conclusions Works Cited Abstract This academic paper looks into interpersonal communication and the issues that affect it or are in play when it is present within the workplace. The paper tries to answer whether different cultures have an effect on interpersonal communication at the workplace and whether evolving processes that enlarge the culture by building on its strengths and functional elements have a positive impact.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Interpersonal/intercultural communication at the work place specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a result the research paper looks into how business owners can utilize interpersonal communication and the different cultures at work to both theirs and employees’ advantage to creating a conducive and motivated working environment Introduction The busines s under case study has been in existence for slightly more than one year. It is a general practitioner business engaged in medical consultation. Mr. Smith the owner of the PharmaMed General Practitioners, states that it is a fulfilling venture as for both him and his employees. Subsequently, he and his employees are able to interact with people of various and diverse cultures that come to seek solutions for a myriad of medical issues. The business has five employees both full time and part time. Communication models are very useful tools which enable us to come to terms with elusive or intricate concepts. Communication theory has engendered many models, most notably the transmission approach and the transactional approach Methodology Data for this study was obtained through interviewing the owner and proprietor of the business. A set of questions was prepared by the interviewer to guide in the obtaining of information about inter personal communication in an intercultural setting. T he interview was explained to the reasons of the interview and the need for the specific information being searched for (Samovar, Porter McDaniel 79). The findings were then later compiled and presented in a write up that clearly outlined intercultural/interpersonal communication and its benefits in the workplace.Advertising Looking for essay on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The research was based on finding out the impact of diversity in culture within the workplace. The research respondent (interviewee) was asked a number of questions in regards to communication issues he encounters on a day to day basis at his workplace. It was perceived that the interviewee had information at hand regarding his business organization and on the required questions as this had been explained before hand while scheduling for the interview. Findings The study found out that there is need for further study and research on multicultural placed business organizations. This is due to the fact that the work place today does not only contain people from the same culture but a diverse grouping. The study also found out that the client base is also culturally diversified and there is need for employees to be well informed on how to deal with various cultures (Novinger, 57). The academic study also found out that from the information obtained from the interviewee, most local clients were made up of various cultures and understanding them was not all that easy but the employees did their best to serve them. The research found out that the world today is faced with a myriad of issues stemming up from a misunderstanding of the multicultural workplace. Discussion.  Intercultural communication Cultures vary quite extensively as is the case shown by the case study here. Among the employees and also among those that come for services from the business. Previous studies suggest that being objective about cultu re is utterly impossible. This is attributed to the fact that one is surrounded by their own personal culture to a point that it feels like that is what is only there and everyone should adhere to it. It becomes rather hard for people to appreciate other cultures apart from their own (Neuliep 66). Therefore this brings out the need for intercultural compounded with interpersonal communication especially within the work place.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Interpersonal/intercultural communication at the work place specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, first one has to understand what intercultural communication is and entails. In today’s globalised world that is business oriented and driven overseas business trips and globalization are an integral part of many business organizations (Jandt 134). The skill of managing intercultural relations, and predicting intercultural issues should be an integral part for all business managers. The need for intercultural communication is driven by the astonishing levels of perception into the realities of this globalised world brought about by the diverse cultures. Each person has his or her own cultural value system, ways of doing things, beliefs, and preferences. When communicating with these people it is important to know what and how to say things, how to organize things, and what to take into account, or (expensive) mistakes might be made (Samovar, Porter McDaniel 133). To be able to set up an organization in this multicultural world a business manager should be able to identify and explain the importance of improved intercultural communication skills within businesses and be able to appreciate the advantages of a diversified workforce in their specific industry and other industries in the business world (Sarbaugh 121). In addition to this, an understanding business manager who is sensitive to existing cultural background of others esp ecially his employees, is able to adjust the suggestions one wants to make to the existing constraints and limitations that face the existence of an organization (Scollon Scollon 187). This creates a better working environment for employees. These elements underline the importance of being able to manage intercultural communication issues (Trenholm Jensen 97). As the world becomes increasingly globalised; and information communication technology erodes borders, intercultural communication becomes increasingly important for any manager, especially in the world of business (Samovar, Porter McDaniel 22).Advertising Looking for essay on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The key concept to retain in communication, is that no one component of communication – 1. The emotional [non-verbal]; 2.the cognitive [verbal] and 3.the philosophical [discourse] – functions in isolation for very long. Unless a handicap is present, an individual operates from all three sectors whenever he/she is communicating. Conclusions Intercultural communication is necessary at the workplace as a business manager is able to tap on the emotional strength of their employees to manage both their own and their clients anxiety as learning and change become more and more a part of life. Making use of interpersonal and intercultural communication helps the business to practice empathy and to see the world as others see it, and understand others’ behavior from their perspective. Development of new skills in studying cultural postulations; recognizing functional and dysfunctional postulations and surfacing developments that make bigger the culture by engaging its po tency and functional elements are vital elements for the business mix in today’s globalized business world. Works Cited Jandt, Fred. Intercultural communication: a global reader. Teller Road: SAGE, 2004. Print. Neuliep, James. Intercultural communication: a contextual approach. Teller Road: Sage, 2008. Print. Novinger, Tracy. Intercultural communication: a practical guide. El Paso: University of Texas Press, 2001. Print. 210 pages Samovar, Larry, Porter, Richard McDaniel, Edwin. Communication Between Cultures, New York: Cengage Learning, 2001. Print. Samovar, Larry, Porter, Richard McDaniel, Edwin. Intercultural Communication: A Reader. New York: Cengage Learning, 2008. Print. Sarbaugh, Luke. Intercultural communication. Piscataway Township: Transaction Publishers, 1988. Print. Scollon, Ronald, Scollon, Suzanne. Intercultural communication: a discourse approach San Francisco: Wiley-Blackwell, 2001. Print. Trenholm, Sarah, Jensen, Arthur. Interpersonal communication New Yo rk: Oxford University Press, 2008. Print. This essay on Interpersonal/intercultural communication at the work place was written and submitted by user Green Heron to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Importance of Stakeholders Essay Example

Importance of Stakeholders Essay Example Importance of Stakeholders Essay Importance of Stakeholders Essay The importance of stakeholders has increased over recent years. Previously, shareholders were deemed as the main consideration for organisations. After all, these are the people that invest in the company. This is known as stockholder theory and is closely associated with Milton Friedman (1970). Friedman believed that an organisations primary responsibility is to increase its profits for the benefit of shareholders. This was demonstrated in the Dodge v Ford Motor Company case in 1919. Henry Ford deemed that the company had made too much profit, and wanted to share these profits with the public (stakeholders potential customers) by reducing the cost of vehicles. However, shareholders challenged this development and won the case in the Supreme Court, when the court ruled that a business was for the purpose of making profit for its investors. This view has changed in the past 80+ years since this case. Whilst shareholders are an important element to an organisation, they are only one group of stakeholders that organisations have a duty to. It is now recognised that organisations have obligations to other groups that have a vested interest its operations. This change in thinking has led to the development of the stakeholder theory, advocated by Freeman (1984). This theory argues that there are a number of groups to whom businesses are accountable to when determining strategy and pursuing objective(s). The traditional belief is that only direct links to a business, such as shareholders, customers and employees have an input into organisational decisions. But as previously mentioned, stakeholders are not just internal to the organisation itself. When commenting on the importance of stakeholders, Halal (1996:64) referred to a stakeholder model of the organisation. This model views the organisation as a socio-economic system composing of various equally important groups, a view which links in with Freemans theory. Halal believes in the theory of the nature of the firm. In this theory, its stated that managers are dependent on stakeholders and have a need to combine the unique resource each stakeholder contributes, such as investor capital, talents of employees etc. This is a valid viewpoint and builds on the stakeholder theory by identifying the importance of such groups. An organisation that embraces the stakeholder theory is the ING group. In a speech at the Georgetown Business Ethics Institute in 2002, Ewald Krist, the CEO of ING stated: Greater influence is now put on organisations by external stakeholders, such as society itself. Shell fell foul of this in the early 1990s with its Brent Spar plant. The plant, decommissioned in 1991, was due to be dismantled by Shell and disposed of via Deepwater disposal. This created outrage from environmental groups with a belief that the seas should be kept clean. This led both Shell and the UK Government to look at alternate options, with Shell abandoning the deepwater plans in 1995. The plant was finally disposed of in 1999 after long discussions with various stakeholders, and the majority of the construction was used to form a new quay in Norway, a solution acceptable to environmental groups, along with other stakeholders. This showed that even large global companies had important stakeholders to answer to. Shareholders are still an extremely powerful stakeholder. Investors primarily concentrate on profit maximisation but this is not the most important consideration for other stakeholders such as customers, contractors or the local community. There have been numerous occurrences of shareholders ousting directors and chairmen. The most recent one occurred this month, when the chief executive of Deutsche Telecom, Kai-Uwe Ricke resigned after losing the support of key shareholders in the organisation (the German government and private equity firm, Blackstone). FT.com reported that support was lost due to poor results and plans to move 45,000 jobs to lower paid areas. This shows the difficulty in keeping all stakeholders happy. By moving the jobs, it should have increased the profitability of the organisation, and therefore would please shareholders. However, this conflicts with the unions viewpoint, which looks after the workforce and did not want to see profits increase at the expense of employees. Many organisations hit problems when trying to change their strategy. Even basic changes can be met with disdain from certain stakeholders, e. g.

Stink Bugs, Family Pentatomidae

Stink Bugs, Family Pentatomidae Whats more fun than a stink bug?! The insects of the family Pentatomidae do, indeed, stink. Spend a little time in your backyard or garden, and you are sure to encounter a stink bug sucking on your plants or sitting in wait of a caterpillar. About The name Pentatomidae, the stink bug family, comes from the Greek pente, meaning five and tomos, meaning section. Some entomologists say this refers to the 5-segmented antennae, while others believe it refers to the stink bugs body, which appears to have five sides or parts. Either way, adult stink bugs are easy to recognize, with wide bodies shaped like shields. A long, triangular scutellum characterizes an insect in the family Pentatomidae. Take a close look at a stink bug, and you will see the piercing, sucking mouthparts. Stink bug nymphs often resemble their adult counterparts but may lack the distinctive shield shape. Nymphs tend to stay close to the egg mass when they first emerge, but soon venture out in search of food. Look for masses of eggs on the undersides of leaves. Classification Kingdom - AnimaliaPhylum - ArthropodaClass - InsectaOrder - HemipteraFamily - Pentatomidae Diet To the gardener, stink bugs are a mixed blessing. As a group, stink bugs use their piercing, sucking mouthparts to feed on a variety of plants and insects. Most members of the family Pentatomidae suck sap from the fruiting parts of plants and can cause significant injury to the plants. Some damage foliage as well. However, predatory stink bugs overpower caterpillars or beetle larvae, keeping pest insects in check. A few stink bugs begin life as herbivores but become predators. Life Cycle Stink bugs, like all Hemipterans, undergo simple metamorphosis with three life stages: egg, nymph, and adult. The eggs are laid in groups, looking like neatly arranged rows of tiny barrels, on stems and the undersides of leaves. When nymphs emerge, they look similar to the adult stink bug but may appear rounder rather than shield-shaped. Nymphs go through five instars before becoming adults, usually in 4-5 weeks. The adult stink bug overwinters under boards, logs, or leaf litter. In some species, the nymphs may also overwinter. Special Adaptations and Defenses From the name stink bug, you can probably guess its most unique adaptation. Pentatomids expel a foul-smelling compound from special thoracic glands when threatened. In addition to deterring predators, this odor sends a chemical message to other stink bugs, alerting them to danger. These scent glands also play a role in attracting mates and even suppress attacks by harmful microorganisms. Range and Distribution Stink bugs live throughout the world, in fields, meadows, and yards. In North America, there are 250 species of stink bugs. Worldwide, entomologists describe over 4,700 species in nearly 900 genera.

The Pros and Cons of the No Child Left Behind Act Essay

The Pros and Cons of the No Child Left Behind Act - Essay Example Yet, along with the greater emphasis put on student performance has come nationwide accountability and the unethical measures that school districts have implemented to meet the new federal guidelines. The NCLB Act was designed primarily to aid poor, minority, and immigrant students by implementing testing standards and assuring no child was falling through the cracks and being left behind. To support this effort, the bill appropriated $650 million to be used by the states to instruct English language learners. This was a 50% increase in funding for these efforts over previous years (Crawford). In an era when education funding has suffered from so many cutbacks, the additional funding was a decided benefit for schools, especially with high immigrant populations. However, the new formula used to distribute the money resulted in the least populated states, such as North Dakota and Alaska, receiving a reduction in funding. This has resulted in fewer English Learner programs for Native Americans that are enrolled in public schools in these states (Crawford). The NCLB Act requires that all students be tested at regular intervals to measure their progress in Math and English. School district funding and administrative control are dependent on acceptable results of this testing. This approach is well intentioned and can benefit the student by holding the schools accountable to their purpose, teaching the students. While the results of this testing have been unimpressive for the general student population, it has benefited students in the lower grades that are enrolled in an English Language Learner program (National Center for Educational Statistics). While forcing the schools to produce results, especially among the most challenged students, the Act has also had unintended consequences in this area. Because school funding is based on these results, districts have been anxious to exploit loopholes that may exempt many students from the testing requirements. During the most recent reporting period it was reported that the scores of two mill ion students were omitted due to technicalities. These were the poorest performing students and it can be inferred that they were minority and immigrant students, the ones that NCLB was written to protect. (Bass, Dixon, and Feller). The NCLB has given the education system uniform guidelines and standards that can be used to compare our past performance and gauge the success of our schools. It helps to identify which programs work and which ones fail. The goal of testing all students fairly is a great advantage if implemented correctly. However, when school funding, bonuses, and school control depend on the results of these tests, it becomes known as High Stakes Testing. Teachers are put in a position to "teach the test" at the expense of other equally important material. Measuring student progress may become meaningless under the current guidelines as Armein and Berliner report, "... the harder teachers work to directly prepare students for a high-stakes test, the less likely the test will be valid for the purposes it was intended". It has also been reported that Latino students have been encouraged to drop out of school to avoid taking the test in a school's effort to raise overall test

Shoes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Shoes - Essay Example This paper explores the origin of shoes and some of the most groundbreaking inventions in the shoe industry. The origin of shoes dates back to about 40,000 years ago during the Middle Paleolithic age. Evidence points out that footwear was amongst the things that the ancient man made. The early man was compelled to device a means of protecting their feet from rugged terrains, jagged rocks and hot sand among other things that could hurt their feet (Yue & Yue, 1997). In early civilizations, sandals were the most common footwear among people. However, some communities such as Mesopotamia had shoes. In Mesopotamia, individuals who live in mountains around the boundary with Iran wore some kind of soft shoes made of wraparound leather. There was no marked distinction between the left and right shoes. Even by 1850, both the left and right pairs of shoes remained largely the same with most shoes having straight lasts. According to Yue and Yue (1997), the ancient shoe designs were in accordanc e with the surrounding environment of the inventor such as the conditions that people needed to be protected from as well as the available materials. Fast movement was essential for survival, thus â€Å"shoes needed to be light-weight but still strong enough for adequate protection† (Yue & Yue, 1997, p.9). Shoes needed to cover up the foot and have tight grip. In warm areas, people sought flat materials and tied them onto their feet soles while those in colder climates covered their feet and legs with animal skins tying them with thongs (Yue & Yue, 1997). Many of the shoes that rule the current world of fashion existed in the ancient periods. Different kinds of shoes from thick to thin existed in the antique world. To begin with, sandals are one of the most common footwear among early inhabitants of the planet earth. Sandal still remains common footwear in warm countries. The ancient Japanese had their version of sandal with a wooden sole called the geta. The geta was worn wi th socks known as tabi (Yue & Yue, 1997). Among the Indians was chappli, a tall knobbed sandal that was made from the hide of water buffalo with a wood and metal to keep the foot above the ground. Early Egyptians were associated with sandals that were basically made of plaited leaves of papyrus. Sandal making was a widely acknowledged practice among early Egyptians. The Egyptian sandals were unique in that they appeared as both left and right pair unlike most European shoes that had no differences. In Greece and Rome, the use of sandals was restricted with specific sandals being set for different occasions (Aswad & Meredith, 2003). In cold countries, moccasin was the most common type of shoes. Moccasin was simple and made of one round of leather sewed together and had laces that were also made of leather. Moccasin was common among Native Americans and ancient American pioneers. The ancient Romans have been associated with wooden soled shoes. Peasants across Europe have worn clogs as well as other shoes with wooden soles for a very long period of time. Similar to the Japanese geta, the thick wooden sole protected the foot from road fragments, mud, stones, and cold among others. Klompen were wooden shoes in Holland and still exist today. Pattens were worn until middle ages, during Victorian periods. Among the early French was sabot, a wooden sole shoe for factory employees and peasants. High heel shoes, which commonly rule the women’s fashion world, existed for both males and females in the ancient times. These include

Milk and Formula Essay Example for Free

Milk and Formula Essay There are many different types of formula feed and there are many different factors to take into account before choosing the right formula feed. * Health * Dietary needs * Age * Cost and preparation time of different formula milks. There are three different types of formula: * Cow’s milk-based formula * Hydrolysed protein formula * Soya-based formula Most babies can have cow’s milk-based formula, however there are some who have a health or dietary reason why they can’t. The different range of formula milks are described below. (information obtained from the baby centre website). Cow’s milk-based formula Most baby formula milks are based on cows milk, which is modified to resemble breastmilk as closely as possible. Manufacturers modify cows milk for babies by adjusting carbohydrate, protein, and fat levels and adding vitamins and minerals. There are also special types of formula manufactured for premature babies. The protein in milk can be broken down into curds (casein) and whey. The ratio of casein to whey can vary according to the type of baby formula milk. There are two main types: First-stage formula. These milks consist of mostly whey, with a casein:whey ratio of 40:60, which is about the same as breastmilk. They are suitable for babies from birth up to about a year, and are thought to be easier to digest. Second-stage formula. These milks consist of mostly casein, with a casein:whey ratio of 80:20. They take longer to digest and are often promoted as being for hungrier babies. Nutritionally, babies will only need first-stage formula, although we may decide to move the baby onto second-stage formula as they grow. It is important to be cautious when changing a baby’s milk. Switching from first to second-stage milk too early can give a baby constipation. Although many milk manufacturers market their second-stage milk as suitable from birth, it’s best to wait until the baby is at least four weeks old. If the baby doesn’t seem content with the formula we first started them on, the parents should talk to their health visitor before changing formulas. When the baby’s a year old, we can move them on from first or second-stage formula to cows milk. Cow’s milk is not recommended as a main drink for babies under the age of one because it’s low in iron and vitamin C. But we can use small amounts in cooking for the baby when they’ve started solids, or on their breakfast cereal. Hydrolysed-protein formula This is a formula milk which is specially designed for babies with an allergy or intolerance to cows milk. If a baby has a cow’s milk allergy, the protein in the milk will cause an allergic reaction. And if they have a intolerance to cow’s milk, they will have difficulty digesting the lactose, or sugar, in the milk. Hydrolysed-protein formula milks are based on cows milk and have the same nutritional value as standard formula milk. But the protein in the milk is hydrolysed, which means it is broken down so the baby is less likely to react to it. These milks are also generally lactose-free, so babies with an intolerance to cow’s milk can digest them easily. If you think a baby has a cows milk allergy or intolerance, see your doctor or health visitor. Your doctor will be able to prescribe a hydrolysed-protein formula for your baby. You can buy these from your pharmacy, too. You can also buy special lactose-free formulas, which your doctor may suggest that your baby has lactose intolerance. Soya-based formula Soya-based formula is made from soya beans. It is modified with vitamins, minerals and nutrients to make it suitable for formula milk. Only give your baby soya-based formula on the advice of your doctor, health visitor or paediatrician. Even though manufacturers market their soya formulas as suitable for babies from birth, health professionals dont recommend them for babies under six months. Its not recommended that your baby has soya formula if she has a cow’s milk allergy. Babies who are allergic to cows milk are often allergic to soya, too. There is also no evidence that changing to a soya-based formula can help to soothe your baby if she is unsettled or colicky. Your baby may be colicky because she’s intolerant to lactose, and so a lactose-free formula is best if this is the case. Ask your doctor or health visitor for advice if you think your baby has an allergy or intolerance to cow’s milk. There are no particular health benefits that your baby would get from soya formula compared to other formula milks. In fact, soya formula milks can actually damage your baby’s teeth over time, because they contain glucose syrup. If you do give your baby soya milk, you’ll have to take extra special care of her teeth. What kind of formula milk does an older baby need? There are cows milk formulas that are marketed for babies from six months, because they are high in iron which growing babies need. However, these milks are not nutritionally necessary. Your baby will be getting the iron and other nutrients she needs from her solid foods. There’s no need to switch to a different milk if your baby is happy with breastmilk or her usual formula. Milks marketed for older babies include: Follow-on milks These are milks with higher protein and mineral content than ordinary infant formula. They are sold as suitable for babies from six months old. Follow-on milks are advertised as more nutritious than cows milk, because they contain added iron, vitamins and minerals. However, bear in mind that cows milk is not a suitable drink for your baby until she’s a year old anyway. Goodnight milks These are follow-on milks with added cereal, which are marketed at parents as helping babies to sleep better at night. However, there’s no evidence that they help babies to settle at night or that they take longer to digest. Don’t give goodnight milk to your baby if she’s less than six months old because cereal isn’t suitable for younger babies. Also don’t give this milk to your baby if she is overweight. Growing-up milks Growing-up milks are marketed at parents as being better than cows milk because they contain added iron and other vitamins and minerals. They are promoted to be used for babies from about one year old. However, growing-up milk isn’t needed, as once your baby’s a year old she can have full-fat cows milk as her main drink. She’ll also be eating a varied and balanced diet, which should provide her with all the essential vitamins and minerals, without the need for growing-up milk. These extra formula milks are not really necessary at all. Your baby can get all she needs as she grows by having her standard formula milk alongside calcium-rich and iron-rich foods. You can then move your baby onto cow’s milk when she’s a year old. The only reason you may want to change your baby’s milk is if you’re raising her as a vegetarian. When your start her on solids from six months, you may find it difficult to find enough vegetarian foods that are rich in iron. So an iron-rich formula may be a good option.

A Potential Avian Influenza Pandemic Essay -- Biology Medical Biomedic

A Potential Avian Influenza Pandemic Avian influenza could potentially be the world's next pandemic. The virus that causes this disease can be transmitted to other birds and humans by bird secretions. Bird migrations, as well as today?s instant worldwide transportation, can spread the avian influenza virus at amazing speeds. The government would face a disease that could wipe out millions of people. Meanwhile, the economy would crash as money is spent eradicating the disease from the country. Poultry farmers would have to cull their birds to minimize the risk of spreading the virus. Perhaps the greatest concern about avian influenza is its potential to not only infect and kill many people, but to be used as a bioterrorism weapon. Avian influenza is rapidly becoming a great concern to health officials worldwide. The pathogen responsible for this disease is the avian influenza virus from the Orthomyxoviridae family. (University of Maryland, 2005) The H5N1 subtype, however, could potentially cause the most harm. Viruses are typically found in their natural reservoir, the bodies of wild fowl, although they do not always cause symptoms or illness in the birds. These viruses can be transmitted by various means to other birds and, as of 1997, humans. The 1997 outbreak in Hong Kong was the first time the avian influenza virus was noted to skip from bird to human. (CBC, 2005) Since then, health officials are becoming increasingly concerned with what avian influenza could mean in the near future. If an avian influenza pandemic were to occur, the government would face a deadly disease that would kill much of the population. There would be a catastrophic effect on the economy as the government must spend millions to erad icate disease and ... ...71805CIP/shtml International Herald Tribune. (2005, July). A flu nightmare. The IHT Online. July 15, 2005: http://www.iht.com/bin/print_ipub.php?file=/articles/2005/07/14/opinio n/edfllu.php Marwaan Macan-Markar. (2005, March) Bird flu to shake up Asian society. Asian Times. July 19, 2005: http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/ GC01Ae01.html Stephen Smith. (2005, July) Avian flu found in migrating geese in China. The Boston Globe. July 15, 2005: http://www.boston.com/yourlife/health/diseases/arti cles/2005/07/07/avian_flu_found_in_migrating_geese_in_china/ University of Maryland. (2005. n/a) Avian Influenza Virus. Avian Influenza Virus Program. July 25, 2005: http://www.agnr.umd.edu/avianflu/ World Health Organization. (2004, January) Avian Influenza- fact sheet. World Health Organization. July 25, 2005: http://www.who.int/csr/don/2004_01_15/e n/print.html

Johnson and Johnson Executive Summary Essay

The $10,000 investment made into Johnson and Johnson is a good investment to have in your portfolio. This is because of the stable nature of Johnson and Johnson and the growth trend of the company. Based on the JNJ 10-Ks for the last 5 years ended Jan. 1, 2012, the revenue trend is growing. Revenues have trended favorably from $61,095 in the year ended Jan. 2007 to $65,030 in the year ended Jan. 1, 2012. The company is also operating efficiently showing the more stable aspect of this investment by keeping costs of goods sold at an average percent of 29.94% for the five years ended Jan. 1, 2012. The company is also well leveraged for growth. A good measure of this leverage is the Debt Ratio, which is a measure of the total liabilities of a company in proportion to the total assets. The Debt Ratio will also expose the risks in the company’s debt-load by revealing the extent of assets that are financed with debt. The debt ratio for JNJ has trended from 2.00 in the year ended Dec. 28, 2008 to 2.01 Jan. 1, 2012 with an increase in the fiscal years ended Jan 2, 2011 and Jan 3 2010 to 2.22 and 2.15, respectively. These ratios show that the company has two assets for every one dollar of a liability the company has thereby showing that the company is financially stable and able to pay the obligations it has. Johnson and Johnson is also able to generate earnings from it’s invested capital. Return on asset (ROA) is a ratio that describes what earnings are generated from invested capital and is often referred to as return on investment. From the years ended Dec. 28, 2008 through Jan 2, 2011, the company has had a consistent ROA percentage of 15.25%, 12.95%, and 12.96%, respectively. The ROA percentage decreased to 8.51% in the year ended Jan. 1, 2012 because of continued additions of assets through acquisitions that will continue to generate growth in the future. Market perception is also a valuable indicator when determining sound investments. The price to earnings ratio is a valuation of a company’s current market share price compared to its per-share earnings. Generally, a higher P/E ratio suggests that an investor can expect higher earnings growth in the future. The price to earnings ratio has increased substantially to 18.53 in the fiscal year ended Jan. 1, 2012 from the 12.75 price to earnings ratio in the year ended Jan. 2, 2011, as shown in the table below. Lastly, most financially secure and stable companies offer dividends to their stockholders. A dividend is a distribution of cash, stock, or property in a portion of a company’s earnings. The cash dividends per share have trended favorably for investors looking to have a return on their investment from $1.62 in the year ended Dec. 28, 2007 to $2.25 for the year ended Jan. 1, 2012. In summary, Johnson and Johnson is continually investing into new consumer, pharmaceutical, and medical device fields which has created a large, well diversified company that is able to stay one step ahead of its competitors thereby creating a strong stable investment option for investors.

Holes Essay

There are many different challenges that Stanley Yelnats (the main character) from the bestselling novel Holes written by Louis Sachar has to over come. Stanley was first seen in the movie when a tilted shot of shoes hit him in the head and he fell on the ground portraying he was weak and a bit stupid. Stanley’s personality was also displayed when his mum was so shocked when the police came around to their house telling them Stanley had stolens, this shows that Stanley had never commited a crime before and wasn’t usually a trouble maker. The movie directed by Andrew Davis portrays everything the book does and it shows nearly all the insight into Stanley’s life that author describes in the book. There are many challenges but the main one is breaking the ‘curse’ that Stanley’s family has been stuck in for more than 100 years. This challenge shows many significant themes in this book like friendship, determination and fate. The main dispute for Stanley was breaking his family curse. Although he didn’t know if it was even real and that he had broken it , it was clear for the audience watching the movie that he had. The curse was put on his family more than 100 years ago when the first Yelnats, Elya Yelnats went to a fortune teller called Madame Zeroni. She made him a deal that he could have one of her small pigs if he carried Madame Zeroni up the mountain when he was done making the pig nice and fat so he could give it to the father of the girl of his dreams. When he noticed that the girl really was stupid like Madame Zeroni warmed him he decided to move from Lativia to America. However he forgot to carry Madame Zeroni up the mountain so she put a curse on his family forever. This was portrayed by a dissolve of Madame Zeroni repeating that she will put a curse on his family to Elya leaving Lativia. The low angle of Madame Zeroni’s face made it obvious that she was not kidding and very serious about the curse. When Stanely carried Hectoria Zeroni (a descendant of Madame Zeroni) up â€Å"God’s Thumb† which was also portrayed with a low angle making it look very commodious, he broke the family curse. This challenge portrayed many key ideas and themes and one of them was friendship. Zero (Hector Zeroni) and Stanley didn’t know eachother at all but due to them both being the ‘outcasts’ of the group they started to get to know eachother and Stanley started to teach Zero how to read and Zero helped dig Stanley holes so he wasn’t so tired and could teach him. These lessons however were then stopped by the Warden, who was introduced by a high angle on her boots which already made her look threating as you could compare it to some movies where the thief or cowboy’s boots got introduced before their face which usually portrayed they were a significant character that usually was there to cause harm. However this didn’t stop Zero and Stanley’s friendship growing, when Zero ran away form the camp as he had enough of it Stanley had to go and rescue his only close friend he had at the camp. This shows Stanley’s friendly love for Zero portrayed by the dissolving of Stanley walking through the dessert and than of the sun showing how hot it was. The soundtrack of mysterious music kept you guessing to see if Stanley would end up finding Zero or not. The orange overalls that all the boys at Camp Greenlake wore made Zero recognizable in the dessert. The audience knew that when the two boys rejoiced both of them were very content due to the soundtrack turning from mysterious to faster more lively music. Another key idea that the challenge portrayed was change. Change for Stanley, his family and Hector Zeroni. There were many unanswered questions that produced tension, secrecy through the entire movie but these questions were all answered when Stanley broke the curse. There was quite a journey to break the curse for Stanley and during this period his character changed dramatically. He used to a gullable, weak , little boy that couldn’t stand up for himself. But he turned into a strong, smart young adult that could even save someone’s life. His weak side was displayed through a high angle of Stanley searching for a camera in the shower, that he got told the Warden of the Camp had installed. This shows how gullable he was and believed everything the other boys in his hut said. As well as giving his findings in a hole to another boy who got a free day off as the Warden though he found it not Stanley. However when he was in the middle of the dessert. He saw â€Å"God’s Thumb† and took iniative. When Hector was to weak he carried him up and saved his life as he found water which the boys definitely needed as they were tired and dehydrated. When Stanley broke the curse it changed many other things mostly for his life and family. His dad finally created a way to make sweaty feet/shoes not smell and Stanley found his treasure that was buried for more than 100 years by Kissing Kate Barlow. This changed his entire lifestyle and he gave half of his treasure to Hector who used that to hire private investigastors and find his mum who he haden’t seen for more than 4 years. As you can see the main challenge definitely portrays some key ideas and themes. It displays the friendship betweeen Stanley Yelanats and Hector Zeroni which is definitely one of the most important friendship. Furthermore it explains how Stanley, Hector and both of their families changed. Stanleys personality changed showed everyone how much you can change due to your circumstances and enviroment around you. He teaches everyone a good lesson and I would definitly recommend this to any person my age.

Learn about the Famous Resort Country of Monaco

Learn about the Famous Resort Country of Monaco Population: 32,965 (July 2009 estimate)Capital: MonacoArea: 0.77 square miles (2 sq km)Bordering Country: FranceCoastline: 2.55 miles (4.1 km)Highest Point: Mont Agel at 460 feet (140 m)Lowest Point: Mediterranean SeaMonaco is a small European country located between southeastern France and the Mediterranean Sea. It is considered the second smallest country in the world (after Vatican City) by area. Monaco has only one official city which is its capital and is famous as being a resort area for some of the worlds richest people. Monte Carlo, an administrative area of Monaco, is the countrys most famous area due to its location on the French Riviera, its casino, the Monte Carlo Casino, and several beach and resort communities.History of MonacoMonaco was first founded in 1215 as a Genoan colony. It then came under the control of the House of Grimaldi in 1297 and remained independent until 1789. In that year, Monaco was annexed by France and was under French control until 1814. In 1815, Monaco became a protectorate of Sardinia under the Treaty of Vienna. It remained a protectorate until 1861 when the Franco-Monegasque Treaty established its independence but it remained under the guardianship of France.Monacos first constitution was put into effect in 1911 and in 1918 it signed a treaty with France which stated that its government would support French military, political and economic interests and that if the Grimaldi dynasty (which still controlled Monaco at the time) were to die out, the country would remain independent but be under French protection.Throughout the mid 1900s, Monaco was controlled by Prince Rainier III (who took over the throne on May 9, 1949). Prince Rainier is most famous for his marriage to American actress Grace Kelly in 1956 who was killed in a car accident near Monte Carlo in 1982.In 1962, Monaco established a new constitution and in 1993 it became a member of the United Nations. It then joined the Council of Europe in 2003. In April 2005, Prince Rainier III died. He was the longest serving monarch in Europe at the time. In July of the same year his son, Prince Albert II ascended the throne.Government of MonacoMonaco is considered a constitutional monarchy and its official name is the Principality of Monaco. It has an executive branch of government with a chief of state (Prince Albert II) and a head of government. It also has a legislative branch with a unicameral National Council and a judicial branch with a Supreme Court.Monaco is also divided into four quarters for local administration. The first of these is Monaco-Ville which is the old city of Monaco and sits on a headland in the Mediterranean. The other quarters are La Condamine on the countrys port, Fontvieille, which is a newly build area, and Monte Carlo which is Monacos largest residential and resort area.Economics and Land Use in MonacoA large part of Monacos economy is focused on tourism as it is a popular European resort area. In addition, Monaco is also a large banking center, has no income tax and has low taxes for its businesses. Ind ustries other than tourism in Monaco include construction and industrial and consumer products on a small scale. There is no large scale commercial agriculture in the country.Geography and Climate of MonacoMonaco is the worlds second smallest country by area and is surrounded on three sides by France and on one by the Mediterranean Sea. It is located only 11 miles (18 km) from Nice, France and is close to Italy as well. Most of Monacos topography is rugged and hilly and its coastal portions are rocky.Monacos climate is considered Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. The average low temperature in January 47 °F (8 °C) and the average high temperature in July is 78 °F (26 °C).More Facts about Monaco Monaco is one of the most densely populated countries in the world Locals from Monaco are called Monà ©gasques Monà ©gasques are not allowed to enter Monte Carlos famous Monte Carlo Casino and visitors must show their foreign passports upon entry The French make up the largest part of Monacos populationReferencesCentral Intelligence Agency. (2010, March 18). CIA - The World Factbook - Monaco. Retrieved from: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mn.htmlInfoplease. (n.d.). Monaco: History, Geography, Government, and Culture - Infoplease.com. Retrieved from: infoplease.com/ipa/A0107792.htmlUnited States Department of State. (2010, March). Monaco (03/10). Retrieved from: state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3397.htm

Independent and Dependent Variable Examples

Independent and Dependent Variable Examples The independent variable and dependent variable are examined in an experiment using the scientific method, so its important to know what they are and how to use them. Here are the definitions for independent and dependent variables, examples of each variable, and the explanation for how to graph them. Independent Variable The independent variable is the condition that you change in an experiment. It is the variable you control. It is called independent because its value does not depend on and is not affected by the state of any other variable in the experiment. Sometimes you may hear this variable called the controlled variable because it is the one that is changed. Do not confuse it with a control variable, which is a variable that is purposely held constant so that it cant affect the outcome of the experiment. Dependent Variable The dependent variable is the condition that you measure in an experiment. You are assessing how it responds to a change in the independent variable, so you can think of it as depending on the independent variable. Sometimes the dependent variable is called the responding variable. Independent and Dependent Variable Examples In a study to determine whether how long a student sleeps affects test scores, the independent variable is the length of time spent sleeping while the dependent variable is the test score.You want to compare brands of paper towels, to see which holds the most liquid. The independent variable in your experiment would be the brand of paper towel. The dependent variable would be the amount of liquid absorbed by a paper towel.In an experiment to determine how far people can see into the infrared part of the spectrum, the wavelength of light is the independent variable and whether the light is observed (the response) is the dependent variable.If you want to know whether caffeine affects your appetite, the presence/absence of the amount of caffeine would be the independent variable. How hungry you are would be the dependent variable.You want to determine whether a chemical is essential for rat nutrition, so you design an experiment. The presence/absence of the chemical is the independent v ariable. The health of the rat (whether it lives and can reproduce) is the dependent variable. If you determine the substance is necessary for proper nutrition, a follow-up experiment would be to determine how much of the chemical is needed. Here, the amount of chemical would be the independent variable and the rat health would be the dependent variable. How to Tell the Independent and Dependent Variable Apart If you are having a hard time identifying which variable is the independent variable and which is the dependent variable, remember the dependent variable is the one affected by a change in the independent variable. If you write out the variables in a sentence that shows cause and effect, the independent variable causes the effect on the dependent variable. If you have the variables in the wrong order, the sentence wont make sense. Independent variable causes an effect on the dependent variable. Example: How long you sleep (independent variable) affects your test score (dependent variable). This makes sense, but: Example: Your test score affects how long you sleep. This doesnt really make sense (unless you cant sleep because you are worried you failed a test, but that would be a whole other experiment). How to Plot Variables on a Graph There is a standard method for graphing the independent and dependent variable. The x-axis is the independent variable, while the y-axis is the dependent variable. You can use the DRY MIX acronym to help remember how to graph variables: DRY MIX DÂ   dependent variableRÂ   responding variableYÂ   graph on the vertical or y-axis MÂ   manipulated variableIÂ   independent variableXÂ   graph on the horizontal or x-axis Test your understanding with the scientific method quiz.

Explain how the twenties were and were not so roaring Essay

Explain how the twenties were and were not so roaring - Essay Example s facilitated by influx of money in to the economies by soldiers from US and Canada who had just returned from War hence the production industry was forced to expand to meet the increased demand of goods. In 1921, President Harding signed the Emergency Tariff of 1921 which was aimed at reducing the tax rates, reducing the national debt and protecting the interests of the farmers. Overconfidence in the boom economy contributed to stock price speculation and excessive credit in the economy which led to the stock market crash and the Great Depression. The federal expenditure was increased in order to create new job opportunities and help the industries which were collapsing. The roaring twenties saw the development of transport system and other communication technology advancements (Kenney 115). There was development of electricity manufacturing power and by 1929 all the main industries relied on electricity. Steam power provided much of the energy needs at the onset of 1920s but this was overtaken by electricity power as the decade progressed. Mechanization of manufacturing industries progressed through the roaring twenties where new processes and methods of production were implemented. The roaring twenties also experienced mass production in the automobile industry and mass broadcasting medium invention like the radio and television. Sound recording was later invented hence businesses conducted mass advertisements through these new mediums (Kenney 116). Massive government expenditure was invested in railway construction, electrification and upgrading the highways in the hope that these new infrastructure was reap benefits in future. Most of the local governments were in huge debts. Urbanization increased in cities and demand of white collar jobs was high. Most of the States ratified Nineteenth Amendment which gave women the right to vote thus further sparking a series of women movements who demanded more rights for women and Blacks. The twenties also were marked

Writing for Different Cultures and Audiences Essay - 2

Writing for Different Cultures and Audiences - Essay Example A more comprehensive evaluation of the exhibition on Afghanistan’s hidden treasures were critiqued through emphasizing the value of preserving ancient art. It was therefore an opportunity for readers to appreciate realizing that contemporary art could still present and highlight ancient art as a means of sharing the legacy to current generation. The image taken and incorporated in the critique rationalized the theme which stipulates that â€Å"A nation stays alive when its culture stays alive†. The statement affirms the influence of ancient art as inspirational pieces in today’s culture. The comments that were noted through viewing the exhibit were clearly structured to describe Julien’s art work as totally innovative and captivating. Through a new medium (single channel projection on a panoramic screen), the ability of the artist to put into screen an interplay of fragmented videos and sounds was deemed to be effective in capturing the audience’s appeal. As such, one was intrigued by the information noted through the personal insights and interpretation of Julien’s art

Can one argue that we live in an all-inclusive Information Society Essay

Can one argue that we live in an all-inclusive Information Society Illustrate your answer by offering examples from the media a - Essay Example ICT has proven its worth for providing economic developments, improving the quality of living, opening employment opportunities, and linking people no matter where they may be located in the world. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether or not one can argue that people live in an all-inclusive Information Society. Hence, it will dig into details such as the background of the network society, the definition and facts about all-inclusive information society, some issues that surround it, the influence of media and other communications industries, and the arguments, advantages, and disadvantages of the issue in focus. Background of All-inclusive Information Society The e-inclusion policy of Europe aims to lessen disparities when it comes to ICT usage among every single person despite social status. This policy wishes to create an all-inclusive information society, also known as the network society wherein everyone can create their own opportunities in business, education, and e mployment by being able to access reliable information through the different tools and services provided by ICT easily (International Telecommunication Union 2012). Manuel Castells (cited in Glass 2005, p. 9) once postulated that ‘in a new network economy, information becomes a key factor in economic productivity.’ For example, the flow of stocks in the market is based on relevant information regarding businesses and finances, as well as social and technological trends. Hence, information is made known through ICT and the relevant information is being used to improve businesses and increase economies. The all-inclusive information society is needed in order to balance development in a nation—both the urban and rural areas. The ICT tools and services must be fairly accessible and convenient to all citizens so that they will access information equally relevant for the improvement of their quality of living for all types of people including the disabled, old, and th ose living in remote areas where there used to be difficulties in finding good signals to access the net (European Commission 2007). In the advent of technology, only few people were able to make use of the internet especially the educated ones. These days, almost everyone can use and access ICT tools and services—even children can go online and be able to do e-learning. However, despite these advancements, studies have shown that factors such as education, age, employment, culture, and language may impede the e-inclusion policy because these are major drawbacks in the effective usage of information and communication technologies (Webster 2006). Solutions to these have constantly been researched and studied in order to realise the policy fully. Countries like Europe have implemented this and are close to around 80% of success in the e-inclusion. They still need to do a lot of work, though, and they are aware of it. Other countries, especially those belonging to the third worl d country will find this a difficult task because first and foremost the availability and affordability percentage of people in using ICT tools and services is quite low, but the positive side is that there are more and more people becoming more literate to these technologies little by little (European Communities 2006). In an all-inclusive network society, every ICT user will be able to express his or her opinion, which is a great way to make

Personal Development: Manager and Leader

Personal Development: Manager and Leader Career development is an organized approach used to match employee goals with the business needs of the agency in support of workforce development initiatives. The purpose of career development is to enhance each employees current job performance, enable individuals to take advantage of future job opportunities and fulfill agencies goals for a dynamic and effective workforce. Personal development is the process which includes personality, relationship, communication, self-awareness and way of thinking among time must be improved as compare to previous. Personal development is very important and helpful to achieve the desired goals and objectives. Personal development is our conscious self-improvement and self-transcendence. It is the aspiration to realize our higher self. Personal development goals will help organisations achieve their own objectives .if a manager or any person have these abilities that would be contribute to the organization to achieving its goal as well as help to achieve there own personal development goals. The process of Personal development involves several aspects like: 1. Transcending our Negative Qualities 2. Controlling Our Thoughts 3. Self-Transcendence 4. Intuition 5. Minimise Desires 6. To Live in the Heart 7. Gratitude 8. Enlarging our sense of self. Personal Skills Assessment There are lot of skill in personal assessment but I am mentioned just three main skill these are planning and organization skill, interpersonal skill, and leadership skill. Personal skill assessment table : Planning organizing skill Interpersonal skill Leadership skill Meeting deadlinesBeing helpful to friendSeeing a clear outcomeDelegating task to othersBeing helpful to strangersBeginning new tasks and projectsDeciding on puritiesSolving argumentsGetting people to work togetherJuggling taskUnderstanding how other feelNegotiation with othersMaking arrangementOffering supportInspiring confidenceSetting clear goals and objectivesAnticipating need of self and otherTaking difficult decisionReviewing success or failureTalking to all kind of peopleShowing good judgementWorking unsupervisedWorking well in a teamUsing and seeking skill of otherCreating efficient systemsEncouraging and motivating otherDealing well in crisesImproved/adopting ideasSharing credit with otherGiving feedback to othersSetting up control systemDealing patiently with difficult peopleMotivating selfSeeing alternative methodsRepresenting otherMotivating othersControl your temperPlanning and controlling taskWorking well with people of different status., race or valuePromoting handling changesPlanning and Organization Skill Planning and Organizing is the skill that is part of Ability to plan group of basic skills. Planning is the ability to conceive, develop and implement plans with purpose of accomplishing short and long term goals. Planning and organizing is important for different positions and functions. Systematically develops plans, prioritizes, organizes and manages resources in order to accomplish business goals within a defined timetable. Interpersonal Skill interpersonal skills are the skills we use to interact or deal with others. Interpersonal skills are sometimes also referred to as communication skills,people skills and/or soft skills. How we deal with others can greatly influence our professional and personal lives, improving these skills builds confidence and enhances our relationships with others. Leadership has been described as the process of social influence in which one person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task Leadership Skill effective leadership is the ability to successfully integrate and maximize available resources within the internal and external environment for the attainment of organizational or societal goals. 3.0 Personal Goals and Plan Six SMART Personal development goals SMART is an acronym for goals that are: specific, measurable, attainable, relevant and time-based. A specific goal is easy and simple to describe. When you set some goals for yourself, are they precise and specific. I want to be happy this is not specific. I want to live happily in Jeddah is specific. Your personal power must lies in clarity. A measurable goal is one that has a specific outcome means must be measurable in term of percentage, price,quality and etc. How will you know when youve achieved your goal? For example, the goal of saving 10,000 in a year, or make profit 30 % in sale is measurable. It can be easily measured after end of year. An attainable goal is one that allows you to stretch means that goal is possible, but is not impossible. Lets say you want to make a million pound. Great goal. But, if you are currently out of work or are not saving money, this goal is currently not achievable. A relevant goal is one that has meaning for you means that goal is meaningful for you. It is not just a good idea. It reflects who you are and what you value as a human being. Pick something that gives you joy. If you want to lose weight connect that desire to a larger intention. Living a healthy and fit life is the larger intention that makes the weight loss goal relevant. Choose things that are important to YOU and that make a difference in your life. A time-based goal is one that has an end date like I will make 10,000 profit in a year and give the date like December 31. Even if you dont know if you can accomplish your goal in the time youve set for yourself set a date anyway. The mind responds to specifics. Setting a date and creating a plan or path for the goal will notify your mind you mean business! Table 1.2 SMART Personal Goals Personal Development Goal SMART Criteria S M A R T Goal 1: To complete CMI-5 in 2010 Goal 2: To complete my Bachelors by 2011 Goal 3: To complete MBA by 2012 Goal 4: To complete PHD by 2015 Goal 5: To get job in TNT by 2015 Goal 6: To take better position in TNT by 2016 with the help of Personal development. 3.2 Personal Development Plan Personal Development Planning is a structured and supported process undertaken by an individual to reflect upon their own learning, performance and/or achievement and to plan for their personal, educational and career development. The primary objective for PDP is to improve the capacity of individuals to understand what and how they are learning, and to review, plan and take responsibility for their own learning, helping students:  ·become more effective, independent and confident self-directed learners  ·understand how they are learning and relate their learning to a wider context  ·improve their general skills for study and career management  ·articulate personal goals and evaluate progress towards their achievement  ·and encourage a positive attitude to learning throughout life. Table 1.3 Personal Development Plan Name Umer FarooqOrganisationDesignation/Job Title Finance ManagerStart Date for PDP End Date for PDPDate Plan Written Date Plan Reviewed Existing Skills and Knowledge Skills planning and organising skill interpersonal skill leading skill Knowledge Management studies finance marketing human resource operations organizational behaviour statistics Management information system Marketing Information system sociology physiology Personal Development Goals 1 to complete CMI-5 in 2010 2 take admission in CMI-7 in 2011 3 got admission in MBA in 2012 4 take admission in PHD in 2013 5 apply for job in TNT in 2014 6 after getting job apply for better position and place in 2015 Personal Development GoalSpecific Actions RequiredMilestonesResources AvailableAnticipated Implementation ProblemsStart DateEnd DateOrganisationalGoal 1 To pass CMI Level 5 by March 2011 Submit 08 Assignments and Project on time and pass all of them Maintain 80% attendance Pay Fees on time Read extra reading material to develop business and management knowledge 26 April 201025 April 2011Information On the job skills Time IT resourcesTime Money Personal Contacts Goal 1:- Goal 2:- Goal 3:- Goal 4:- Goal 5:- Goal 6:- 4.0 Assessing Resources for Personal Development Plan 4.1 Assessing Organisational Resources Your Six Personal Development GoalsOrganisational Resources AnalysisIs it viable to use organisational resources to achieve this goal? Yes/NoType of organisational resources availableAdvantages of using this organisational resourceNo Information On the job skills Time IT resources Practice based Application of knowledge to work Communication skills improvement Study time / Part time working experience NoInformation On the job skills Time IT resourcesPractice based Application of knowledge to work Communication skills improvement Study time / Part time working experienceyesIntern-ships managerial information timeCan achieve carrier development through intern-ship can use managerial information for study material Table 1.4 Assessing Organisational Resources to assist Personal Development Your Six Personal Development GoalsOrganisational Resources AnalysisIs it viable to use organisational resources to achieve this goal? Yes/NoType of organisational resources availableAdvantages of using this organisational resourceGoal 1 To pass CMI Level 5 by October 2011No Learning educational theory facilities information knowledge trainingInformation On the job skills Time IT resources Goal 2 Take admission in CMI-7 in 2010NoLearning educational theory facilities information knowledge trainingInformation On the job skills Time IT resourcesGoal 3 Got admission in MBA by 2012yesLearning educational theory facilities information knowledge trainingIntern-ships managerial information timeGoal 4 take admission in PHD in 2013yesLearning educational theory facilities information knowledge trainingIntern-ships managerial information timeGoal 5 try to get job in TNT in 2014yesPractical work experience pay contacts facilitiesReference recommendation benefitGoal 5 -apply for better position place in 2015yesPractical work experience pay contacts facilities responsibility communication skills development personal developmentInterval training programs personal development skills 4.2 Assessing Personal Resources Assessing what resources you have at your disposal before you plan out your goal aids you in several ways. Youre more likely to make informed decisions and better plans to achieve your goal quicker. Youre also more likely to get better, more specific help from others than if you were to blindly run head first into a plan.

Colgate-Palmolive :: Oral Hygiene Industry

Colgate-Palmolive has remained a leader in the oral hygiene industry. The company operates all over the world and has been successful in all markets. One reason the company has remained successful is because the company understands its customers and customer buying behaviors. This paper will discuss different segmentation variables for Colgate-Palmolive. This paper will also discuss the behavioral influences. Finally, this paper will make some recommendations for the Colgate-Palmolive company. Segmentation Variables According to Keller and Kotler (2009) there are four segmentation variables. Those four variables are geographic, psychographic, demographic, and behavioral. Colgate-Palmolive operates in four geographic divisions: North America, Latin America, Europe/South Pacific, and Greater Asia/Africa (Datamonitor, 2011). The company sells its products in over 200 countries (Colgate-Palmolive, 2011). Demographic variables include age and life-cycle stage, life stage, gender, income, generation, and social class (Keller & Kotler, 2009). According to Laidler and Quelch (2011) â€Å"CP’s consumer research indicated that consumers of the baby boom generation (adults born in the 1940’s, 1950’s and early 1960’s) were becoming more concerned about the health of their gums as opposed to cavity prevention and were willing to pay a premium for new products addressing this issue.† Colgate offers a wide variety of products that address total oral care. Mothers, Hispanics and people with a busy schedule are also a target market of Colgate-Palmolive. Women and mothers are generally the person that does the shopping for the family. Pictures of mothers and their children are in many of their advertisements. The United States has a growing Hispanic population that Colgate has begun to market to. The company has advertisements in Spanish and packaging in Spanish (Veiders, 2008). For people on the go, Colgate developed the Colgate Wisp. In order to better understand the psychographic variable the company has put into place a new business planning tool. This new business planning tool will help executives measure the impact of the company’s advertising strategies. The business planning tool will also help the company determine where they should reallocate advertising and promotional spending (DeSanto, 2010). There are many consumer behavioral variables. Many of Colgate’s products are impulse buys and are decided in the store (Drug Store News, 1900). The company realizes how important shelf space and in store promotions are. They are offer a wide variety of products to fit anyone’s needs.

Tata Motors Going Global

TATA MOTORS—GOING GLOBAL The wave of liberalization, privatization and globalization, which started sweeping India since the early 1990s, gave Tata Motors (established in 1945) a new direction in the path of globalization. The Tata Motors firstly, realized that if it wants to grow then it cannot afford to keep its business connected solely to the fortunes of one country. Secondly, with the dismantling of import restrictions in the near future or it the rupee begins to gain ground then India may not continue to have the low-cost manufacturing advantage which it has enjoyed so far. In that scenario, a transnational presence across countries that could offer greater cost advantages for manufacturing, will pay off. Thirdly, the automotive business is highly competitive and the competitiveness depends on economies of scale, quality and efficiency which could directly improve if the organization enters the foreign markets. The question that came in the minds of the senior management at Tata Motors was— â€Å"Should we remain an exporter of vehicles, which we have been doing since 1961 or should we venture into the international automobile market as a company that can match the best in the business? The answer was to widen its foreign campaign to more than just exports. As a result, recognizing the need to integrate its international strategy with its domestic one, the company split its previously independent international business arm into the two business units—the Passenger Car Business Unit (PCBU) and the Commercial Vehicle Business Unit (CVBU). T he company’s passenger car range comprises the hatchback Indica, the Indigo Sedan and the Marina, its station wagon variant, in petrol and diesel versions. The Tata Sumo, its rural variant, the Spacio and the Tata Safari (the country’s first sports utility vehicle) are the company’s multi-utility offerings. The company’s Commercial Vehicle Business Unit (CVBU) has over 130 models of light, medium and heavy commercial vehicles ranging from two tonnes to 40 tonnes, buses ranging from 12-seaters to 60-seaters, tippers, special purpose vehicles, oil-road vehicles and defence vehicles. Dr. V. Sumantran, Executive Director, PCBU, says, â€Å"The company has now embarked on a road where we have made exports an integral part of our business. We do not think of sales outside the country as a separate activity. It is now integrated within the mission of each of its businesses. † Ravi Kant, Executive Director, CVBU, says, â€Å"In a cyclical business such as ours, it is important that we hedge against cyclicality. International business offers an opportunity as different countries go through peaks and troughs in demand at different points in time. Our capacity utilization is more effective and risks of downturns can be mitigated. † The two units have classified different markets in terms of size, growth opportunities, product segments and target volumes. After analysis of markets the company has decided to focus on 15 to 20 key countries, where the company will have a significant presence in terms of volumes and market shares, against being present as an exporter in 70 countries. Says Praveen Kadle, Tata Motors Executive Director of Finance and Corporate Affairs, â€Å"Tata Motors does not plan to be all over the world. Supply will follow demand and the company will need to address the markets tor different vehicles as stand-alone projects. For example, the compact- sized Indica will be marketed in countries where the company perceives a substantial market for it, like it did in Europe. The same goes for our commercial vehicles business. † The implementation of new business strategy involves three stages—product upgradation, sales and distribution processes, and deeper penetration into foreign markets. Tata Motors has taken a number of initiatives to strengthen both product reliability and durability. Through its subsidiaries and joint ventures, the company is engaged in engineering and automotive solutions, automotive vehicle components manufacturing and supply chain activities, machine tools and factory automation solutions, high-precision tooling and plastic and electronic components for automotive and computer applications, and automotive retailing and service operations. The company also draws on the resources of leading international design and styling houses like the Institute of Development in Automotive Engineering, SPA, Italy and Stile Bertoni, Italy. The company has been successful in Sri Lanka and Malaysia where the installation of a sales process system and face-to-face customer meets through road shows and service workshops have started giving results. In order to enter foreign markets the company is following three routes. The first is the traditional method of exports, at which the company has been quite successful, notching up export revenue of Rs. 969 crores in the first nine months of FY 2004—05, recording a growth of 41 per cent from sales in Europe, Africa, the Middle East and Asia. The second is the setting up of assembly operations in foreign markets. Tata Motors first used this strategy when it set up its first assembly operation in Malaysia in 1974. Since then, the company has successfully used it for expansion into Malaysia, Bangladesh, Senegal, South Africa and Ukraine by way of setting up assembly operations there through its distributors. The third is the route of acquisition and alliances. Tarn Motors entered into a tie-up with MG Rover, U. K. , to supply 1,00,000 Indica to be badged as City Rover. Highlighting the importance of the tie-up, Dr. V. Sumantran, points out that the Rover agreement has been an important step in helping Tata Motors to gain very quick access to a fairly large market. ‘Working alone in this area would have taken us much longer to create a distribution network. The exposure that the company and the products have received through the agreement validates the belief that we have arrived at a significant milestone in promoting the Tata brand,† elaborates Dr. Sumantran. It acquired Daewoo Commercial Vehicles, S. Korea, in 2004, keeping the synergies in mind which are quite significant—a presence in the 250 to 400 HP range of trucks is what the Korean company brings to the table, as this complements the existing product range of Tata Motors which delivers vehicles up to 210 HP. The process gave not just a manufacturing asset base, but access to the market through an already strong brand identity. In 2005, it acquired a 21 per cent stake in Hispano Carrocera, a reputed Spanish bus and coach manufacturer, with an option to acquire the remaining stake as well. Hispano’s presence is being expanded in other markets. Today, Tata Motors is India’s largest automobile company, with revenues of Rs. 20, 483 crores (USD 4. 7 billion) in 2004—05, and is the world’s fifth largest medium and heavy commercial vehicle manufacturer. Its immediate goal is to achieve a 20 per cent contribution to its overall revenue from its international businesses by 2006. The leading global auto majors, for whom anywhere from 30—50 per cent of their business accrues from overseas sales, Tata Motors is still a long way off, but Mr. Kadle believes that with its aggressive growth strategy a contribution of around 35 per cent maybe achievable in the next five-six years. Questions 1. What are the objectives that drove Tata Motors towards globalization? 2. What are the entry strategies that are being followed by Tata Motors in order to capture the foreign markets? 3. Discuss the logic behind the entry strategies that are being followed by Tata Motors. 4. In your opinion to what extent Mr. Kadle’s belief of overseas sales contributing 35 per cent of overall revenue, in the next five-six years, appears attainable?

Eagle Eye Movie Review Essay

In the thriller Eagle Eye, two stranger’s lives are intertwined by a mysterious, female telephone caller. Jerry Shaw (LaBeouf) returns to his apartment one day to find he has received weapons, ammonium nitrate, classified DOD documents, and forged passports. Later, Jerry receives a strange phone call that informs him that the FBI is on the way and that he needs to flee, but he refuses and is arrested. Rachel Holloman’s (Monaghan) son’s life is soon later threatened by the caller, forcing her to assist Jerry Shaw in his escape from the FBI and other mysterious deeds demanded by the caller. Unfortunately, the requests of the anonymous caller become increasingly dangerous as the FBI quickly identify Jerry and Rachel as the country’s most wanted fugitives. It becomes apparent mid-way through the movie that the female caller is using everyday technology to track and manipulate the helpless pair. Although escaping conditions are futile, Jerry and Rachel come to realize they have to work together in order to find who disrupted their lives, and prevent the diabolical objectives of the genius behind the phone calls. First and foremost, this movie is highly unrealistic. It is clearly not possible that a computer could control cranes, power lines, and traffic lights during a high-speed chase to insure that a pair of innocent civilians could escape unharmed from dozens of police vehicles. However, Eagle Eye, does more than provide wildly improbable chase scenes in its plotting. This movie shows how technology can consume us by illustrating the helplessness of Jerry and Rachel. The two could do nothing to evade the computerized, female, phone calls because not only was the anonymous woman’s presence seen everywhere, but the lives’ of Jerry and Rachel were at stake along with the lives’ of their loved ones. Turkle similarly displays that technology has the capacity to consume us when she says, â€Å"I worried whether losing oneself in worlds within the machine would distract us from facing problems in the real† (xi). This quote applies to the movie because both Jerry and Rachel are completely distracted from their personal lives while under the influence of the caller. The manipulative nature of technology on Jerry and Rachel is seen when the pair obeyed the phone call and evaded the police and robbed an armored truck. Although one could say they are submitting to the  phone caller in order to save their loved ones, they could instead do the legal thing by turning themselves into the FBI. The message that I take away from this is that technology can consume people by making it seem that giving in to to technology is the only option. Turkle suggests that humans and technology have a symbiotic relationship. This seems to be straightforward, but what I believe she thinks we should realize is not what technology does for us, but what it does to us. In Eagle Eye, once Jerry and Rachel began to refuse to respond to the woman, the effectiveness of the havoc was reduced. Turkle states, â€Å"Computers no longer wait for humans to project meaning onto them. Now, sociable robots meet our gaze, speak to us, and learn to recognize us. They ask us to take care of them; in response, we imagine that they might care for us in return† (2). I think that once Jerry and Rachel saw that they were being manipulated by technology, they realized they had to choose not to respond. It becomes apparent that technology was not really serving its purpose because it was the phone caller utilizing Jerry and Rachel, technology using the humans, an awkward irony. Simply not becoming a victim was the solution. Eagle Eye is quite the far-fetched movie to say the least. However, we can see how manipulative technology can be by looking at the accounts of Jerry and Rachel. The female caller who symbolized technological corruption showed the frightening possibilities of a not so far away technologically centered world. Turkle has similar fears and foresights and realizes that humans are subjects to the power of their devices.